Are you looking for a fun and easy day trip from Bangkok that will take you to a different world of history, culture, and nature? If so, you should definitely check out Samut Prakan, a province in Thailand that has a lot to offer for travelers who want to experience the best of the country. In this comprehensive and practical guide, we will show you the best things to do, see, and eat in Samut Prakan, as well as how to get there, how much to spend, and what to pack. Whether you are a solo traveler, a couple, a family, or a group of friends, you will find something that suits your interests and preferences in Samut Prakan. So, let's get started and explore this hidden gem near Bangkok!
Samut Prakan Ancient City
The main attraction of Samut Prakan is the Ancient City, a park that showcases the history, culture, and architecture of Thailand through replicas of its most famous landmarks and monuments. It is a must-see for anyone who wants to learn more about the country and its heritage, as well as enjoy a scenic and relaxing environment.
Concept
The concept and design of the Ancient City is to resemble the shape of Thailand, with each replica placed in its corresponding geographical location. This way, you can explore and see the whole country in one place, without having to travel far and wide. The replicas are built with meticulous attention to detail and accuracy, using the same materials and techniques as the originals. You will feel like you are traveling back in time and witnessing the glory and diversity of Thailand's past.
Size
The size and scale of the Ancient City is impressive, as it is the world's largest outdoor museum, covering an area of 320 hectares. You will need at least a few hours to see everything, as there are over 100 replicas of Thailand's most iconic sites, such as the Grand Palace, Wat Arun, Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, Phanom Rung Historical Park, and Sukhothai Historical Park. You can also find replicas of other countries' landmarks, such as Angkor Wat, Borobudur, and the Great Wall of China, as well as sculptures and artworks from various cultures and religions.
Location
The location and address of the Ancient City is about 30 km southeast of Bangkok, in the province of Samut Prakan. You can easily get there by BTS Skytrain, taxi, or Grab, which we will explain later in this guide. The Ancient City is surrounded by greenery and water, creating a peaceful and serene atmosphere. You can also enjoy the views of the nearby mountains and the Gulf of Thailand.
Highlights
The highlights and features of the Ancient City are too many to list, but here are some of the most popular and impressive ones that you should not miss:
The Grand Palace: The Grand Palace is the most famous and important landmark of Thailand, as it is the official residence of the kings and the symbol of the nation. The replica of the Grand Palace in the Ancient City is a faithful reproduction of the original, with its stunning architecture, intricate decorations, and sacred temples. You can admire the golden roofs, the colorful murals, and the Emerald Buddha, the most revered image of Buddha in Thailand.
Wat Arun: Wat Arun, or the Temple of Dawn, is one of the most beautiful and distinctive temples in Thailand, located on the banks of the Chao Phraya River. The replica of Wat Arun in the Ancient City is a sight to behold, with its towering spire, decorated with porcelain and ceramic tiles, and its four smaller prangs, or towers, that represent the four elements. You can climb up the stairs and enjoy the panoramic views of the river and the city.
Wat Phra That Doi Suthep: Wat Phra That Doi Suthep is one of the most sacred and revered temples in Thailand, located on a mountain in Chiang Mai. The replica of Wat Phra That Doi Suthep in the Ancient City is a faithful representation of the original, with its golden chedi, or stupa, that contains a relic of Buddha, and its ornate naga, or serpent, staircase that leads to the temple. You can also see the replica of the Phra That Doi Suthep National Park, which is home to many animals and plants.
Phanom Rung Historical Park: Phanom Rung Historical Park is a complex of ancient Khmer temples, built between the 10th and 13th centuries, located on a volcanic hill in Buriram. The replica of Phanom Rung Historical Park in the Ancient City is a remarkable example of the Khmer art and architecture, with its sandstone and laterite structures, carved with motifs and images of Hindu gods and goddesses. You can also witness the phenomenon of the sun aligning with the 15 doorways of the main temple, which happens four times a year.
Sukhothai Historical Park: Sukhothai Historical Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as it is the site of the first capital of Thailand, founded in the 13th century. The replica of Sukhothai Historical Park in the Ancient City is a tribute to the golden age of Thai civilization, with its ruins of temples, palaces, and statues, reflecting the Buddhist and Hindu influences. You can also see the replica of the Ramkhamhaeng Inscription, which is considered the first evidence of the Thai alphabet and language.
Good to know
Before you visit the Ancient City, here are some useful and practical information that you should know:
Opening hours: The Ancient City is open daily from 9 am to 7 pm. You can enter the park until 6 pm, but you can stay until 7 pm to enjoy the sunset and the night views.
Ticket prices: The ticket prices for the Ancient City vary depending on the mode of transportation that you choose. You can either rent a bike, a golf cart, a tram, or a boat to explore the park. The prices are as follows:
Bike: 350 baht per person, including the entrance fee and the bike rental fee. You can choose from different types of bikes, such as mountain bikes, tandem bikes, or electric bikes. You can also bring your own bike and pay only 200 baht for the entrance fee.
Golf cart: 700 baht per person, including the entrance fee and the golf cart rental fee. You can choose from different sizes of golf carts, such as two-seater, four-seater, or six-seater. You can also share the golf cart with other visitors and pay only 350 baht for the entrance fee and 50 baht for the golf cart fee per person.
Tram: 500 baht per person, including the entrance fee and the tram fee. The tram is a guided tour that takes you around the park, stopping at the main attractions. The tram runs every hour from 10 am to 4 pm, and takes about two hours to complete the tour.
Boat: 500 baht per person, including the entrance fee and the boat fee. The boat is a relaxing and scenic way to see the park, cruising along the waterways and canals. The boat runs every hour from 10 am to 4 pm, and takes about an hour to complete the tour.
Facilities: The Ancient City has various facilities and amenities to make your visit more comfortable and enjoyable, such as:
- Museum: The museum is located at the entrance of the park, where you can learn more about the history and culture of Thailand, as well as see the collection of antiques and artifacts from different periods and regions.
- Floating market: The floating market is located near the replica of the Grand Palace, where you can experience the traditional way of buying and selling goods on boats, as well as taste some local snacks and drinks.
- Cultural village: The cultural village is located near the replica of the Phanom Rung Historical Park, where you can see the different lifestyles and customs of the Thai people, as well as watch some cultural performances and shows.
- Restaurant: The restaurant is located near the replica of the Sukhothai Historical Park, where you can enjoy a variety of Thai dishes and cuisines, as well as some international options, in a spacious and elegant setting.
- Tips: Here are some tips and suggestions to make the most of your visit to the Ancient City:
- Plan ahead: The Ancient City is a huge park that requires a lot of time and energy to explore. It is advisable to plan ahead and decide which attractions and activities you want to see and do, and how much time you want to spend on each. You can use the map and the brochure that are provided at the entrance, or you can download the Ancient City app, which has an interactive map and a guide.
- Dress appropriately: The Ancient City is a place of respect and reverence, as it contains many replicas of religious and cultural sites. Therefore, you should dress appropriately and modestly, covering your shoulders and knees, and removing your shoes when entering the temples. You should also avoid wearing bright colors, as they may attract insects and animals.
- Stay hydrated: The Ancient City is located in a tropical climate, which can be hot and humid, especially during the summer months. Therefore, you should stay hydrated and drink plenty of water, which you can buy at the park or bring your own. You should also wear sunscreen, hat, sunglasses, and insect repellent, to protect yourself from the sun and the bugs.
- Respect the rules: The Ancient City is a place of preservation and conservation, as it aims to protect and promote the heritage and culture of Thailand. Therefore, you should respect the rules and regulations of the park, such as not littering, not smoking, not touching or climbing on the replicas, and not making loud noises. You should also respect the local customs and traditions, such as greeting the elders with a wai, or a bow, and not pointing your feet at the Buddha images.
Other Attractions in Samut Prakan
The Ancient City is not the only attraction in Samut Prakan, as there are many other places and activities that you can enjoy and experience in this province. Here are some of the other attractions that you should not miss:
Erawan Museum
The Erawan Museum is a museum that features a stunning three-headed elephant statue and a collection of art and artifacts from different religions and cultures. It is a must-see for anyone who loves art and architecture, as well as spirituality and mysticism.
Concept
The concept and design of the Erawan Museum is to represent the three realms of the universe, according to the Hindu and Buddhist cosmology, which are the underworld, the earth, and the heaven. The museum is divided into three levels, each corresponding to one of the realms, and each containing different exhibits and themes.
Size
The size and scale of the Erawan Museum is impressive, as it is dominated by the giant three-headed elephant statue, which is made of bronze and weighs 250 tons. The statue is 29 meters high, 39 meters long, and 12 meters wide, and stands on a pedestal that is 15 meters high. The statue is a symbol of the Hindu god Indra, who rides on the elephant named Erawan, or Airavata, in Sanskrit.
Location
The location and address of the Erawan Museum is about 15 km south of Bangkok, in the province of Samut Prakan. You can easily get there by BTS Skytrain, taxi, or Grab, which we will explain later in this guide. The Erawan Museum is surrounded by a beautiful garden, where you can see various plants and flowers, as well as sculptures and fountains.
Highlights
The highlights and features of the Erawan Museum are the three levels of the museum, which are as follows:
Underworld: The underworld is the lowest level of the museum, where you can see the collection of antiques and artifacts from different countries and cultures, such as China, Japan, India, and Europe. You can also see the replica of the mythical serpent Naga, which guards the entrance to the underworld.
Earth: The earth is the middle level of the museum, where you can see the main hall of the museum, which is shaped like the belly of the elephant. You can also see the magnificent stained glass ceiling, which depicts the map of the world and the zodiac signs, as well as the mural paintings, which depict the scenes from the Ramayana, an epic poem from India.
Heaven: The heaven is the highest level of the museum, where you can see the dome of the museum, which is shaped like the head of the elephant. You can also see the collection of religious art and artifacts from different faiths, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam, as well as the statues of the four-faced Brahma, the creator god in Hinduism.
Good to know
Before you visit the Erawan Museum, here are some useful and practical information that you should know:
Opening hours: The Erawan Museum is open daily from 9 am to 7 pm. You can enter the museum until 6 pm, but you can stay until 7 pm to enjoy the night views.
Ticket prices: The ticket prices for the Erawan Museum are 400 baht for adults and 200 baht for children and students. You can buy the tickets at the entrance of the museum, or you can book online and get a discount.
Phra Samut Chedi Temple
The Phra Samut Chedi Temple is a temple that is located on an island in the middle of the Chao Phraya River, where you can take a boat ride and admire the golden pagoda and the views of the river. It is a must-see for anyone who loves temples and boats, as well as history and culture.
Concept
The concept and design of the Phra Samut Chedi Temple is to represent the faith and devotion of the people of Samut Prakan, who built and rebuilt the temple several times, despite the challenges and obstacles. The temple is also a symbol of the prosperity and stability of the province, as it is situated at the mouth of the river, where the trade and commerce took place.
Size
The size and scale of the Phra Samut Chedi Temple is modest, compared to other temples in Thailand, but it is still impressive and elegant, with its golden color and graceful shape. The temple is 19 meters high and 9 meters wide, and has a square base and a round spire. The temple is decorated with glass mosaic tiles and gold leaves, and has four niches that contain Buddha images.
Location
The location and address of the Phra Samut Chedi Temple is about 25 km south of Bangkok, in the province of Samut Prakan. You can easily get there by BTS Skytrain, taxi, or Grab, which we will explain later in this guide. The Phra Samut Chedi Temple is located on a small island, which is connected to the mainland by a bridge. You can also take a boat from the pier near the temple, which will cost about 10 baht per person and take about 10 minutes.
Highlights
The highlights and features of the Phra Samut Chedi Temple are the temple itself, as well as the boat ride and the views of the river. Here are some of the things that you can enjoy and experience at the Phra Samut Chedi Temple:
The temple: The temple is the main attraction of the Phra Samut Chedi Temple, where you can see and admire the architecture and the decorations of the temple, as well as pay respect and make merit to the Buddha images. You can also see the relics and the artifacts that are stored in the temple, such as the Buddha's footprint, the Buddha's hair, and the Buddha's robe. You can also see the mural paintings that depict the history and the legends of the temple, as well as the life of the Buddha.
The boat ride: The boat ride is a fun and relaxing way to see the Phra Samut Chedi Temple, as well as the surrounding scenery and the river life. You can take a boat from the pier near the temple, which will take you around the island and the river, and give you a different perspective of the temple and the province. You can also see the fishermen, the vendors, and the locals who live and work on the river, as well as the birds and the animals that inhabit the area.
The views: The views of the Phra Samut Chedi Temple and the river are stunning and serene, especially during the sunrise and the sunset, when the sky and the water are painted with different colors and shades. You can also see the contrast and the harmony between the old and the new, the traditional and the modern, and the rural and the urban, as you can see the temple and the river, as well as the buildings and the bridges, in the same frame.
Good to know
Before you visit the Phra Samut Chedi Temple, here are some useful and practical information that you should know:
Opening hours: The Phra Samut Chedi Temple is open daily from 6 am to 6 pm. You can enter the temple for free, but you have to pay 10 baht for the boat ride.
Ticket prices: The ticket prices for the Phra Samut Chedi Temple are free for the temple and 10 baht for the boat ride. You can buy the boat tickets at the pier near the temple, or you can pay the boat driver directly.
Wat Asokaram
The Wat Asokaram is a temple that is situated on a hill, where you can climb up to the top and see the Buddha statues and the panoramic scenery. It is a must-see for anyone who loves nature and meditation, as well as art and architecture.
Concept
The concept and design of the Wat Asokaram is to represent the teachings and the practices of Buddhism, especially the Theravada tradition, which is the oldest and most orthodox branch of Buddhism. The temple is also a center for meditation and learning, where monks and laypeople can study and practice the Dhamma, or the doctrine of the Buddha.
Size
The size and scale of the Wat Asokaram is modest, compared to other temples in Thailand, but it is still impressive and elegant, with its white color and simple shape. The temple is composed of several buildings and structures, such as the ubosot, or the ordination hall, the viharn, or the assembly hall, the chedi, or the stupa, and the kuti, or the living quarters. The temple also has a large statue of the Buddha, which is 19 meters high and 11 meters wide, and is visible from afar.
Location
The location and address of the Wat Asokaram is about 35 km southeast of Bangkok, in the province of Samut Prakan. You can easily get there by BTS Skytrain, taxi, or Grab, which we will explain later in this guide. The Wat Asokaram is located on a hill, which is surrounded by trees and fields, creating a peaceful and serene atmosphere.
Highlights
The highlights and features of the Wat Asokaram are the temple itself, as well as the views and the meditation. Here are some of the things that you can enjoy and experience at the Wat Asokaram:
The temple: The temple is the main attraction of the Wat Asokaram, where you can see and admire the architecture and the decorations of the temple, as well as pay respect and make merit to the Buddha statues. You can also see the relics and the artifacts that are stored in the temple, such as the Buddha's tooth, the Buddha's bone, and the Buddha's hair. You can also see the mural paintings that depict the scenes from the life of the Buddha, as well as the history and the legends of the temple.
The views: The views of the Wat Asokaram and the scenery are stunning and serene, especially from the top of the hill, where you can see the whole temple and the province. You can also see the contrast and the harmony between the old and the new, the sacred and the secular, and the rural and the urban, as you can see the temple and the fields, as well as the buildings and the roads, in the same frame.
The meditation: The meditation of the Wat Asokaram is a relaxing and rewarding way to see the temple, as well as to calm and clear your mind. You can join the meditation sessions that are held daily at the temple, from 6 am to 6 pm, and learn the techniques and the benefits of meditation from the monks and the teachers. You can also stay overnight at the temple, if you want to deepen your meditation practice and experience the monastic life.
Good to know
Before you visit the Wat Asokaram, here are some useful and practical information that you should know:
Opening hours: The Wat Asokaram is open daily from 6 am to 6 pm. You can enter the temple for free, but you have to make a donation if you want to join the meditation sessions or stay overnight at the temple.
Ticket prices: The ticket prices for the Wat Asokaram are free for the temple and donation-based for the meditation sessions and the overnight stay. You can make the donation at the temple, or you can contact the temple in advance and make the reservation.
Bang Pu Recreational Center
The Bang Pu Recreational Center is a recreational center that is located by the sea, where you can relax on the beach, watch the sunset, and observe the migratory birds. It is a must-visit for anyone who loves nature and wildlife, as well as leisure and entertainment.
Concept
The concept and design of the Bang Pu Recreational Center is to provide a natural and recreational destination, where you can enjoy the beauty and the diversity of the sea and the sky, as well as the activities and the facilities that are available. The Bang Pu Recreational Center is also a historical and cultural site, as it was the first seaside resort in Thailand, and it has hosted many famous and influential guests, such as King Rama IX and General Eisenhower.
Size
The size and scale of the Bang Pu Recreational Center is large, compared to other recreational centers in Thailand, as it covers an area of 800 hectares. You will need at least a few hours to see and do everything, as there are many attractions and facilities, such as the beach, the pier, the park, the restaurant, the hotel, and the golf course.
Location
The location and address of the Bang Pu Recreational Center is about 40 km southeast of Bangkok, in the province of Samut Prakan. You can easily get there by BTS Skytrain, taxi, or Grab, which we will explain later in this guide. The Bang Pu Recreational Center is located on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand, where you can see the views of the sea and the islands.
Highlights
The highlights and features of the Bang Pu Recreational Center are the beach, the pier, and the birds, which are the main attractions and specialties of the center. Here are some of the things that you can enjoy and experience at the Bang Pu Recreational Center:
The beach: The beach is one of the most popular and relaxing attractions at the Bang Pu Recreational Center, where you can enjoy the sand and the water, as well as the sun and the breeze. You can also swim, sunbathe, picnic, or play on the beach, as well as rent a chair or a parasol for a small fee.
The pier: The pier is another favorite and scenic attraction at the Bang Pu Recreational Center, where you can walk along the wooden boardwalk and admire the views of the sea and the sky, as well as the sunset and the sunrise. You can also take a boat ride from the pier, which will take you to the nearby islands, such as Koh Si Chang and Koh Kham, where you can see more beaches and nature.
The birds: The birds are a signature and unique attraction at the Bang Pu Recreational Center, where you can observe and learn about the migratory birds that visit the center every year, from November to March. You can see more than 100 species of birds, such as seagulls, terns, sandpipers, and plovers, as well as feed them with bread or fish, which you can buy at the center.
Good to know
Before you visit the Bang Pu Recreational Center, here are some useful and practical information that you should know:
Opening hours: The Bang Pu Recreational Center is open daily from 6 am to 8 pm. You can enter the center for free, but you have to pay for some of the activities and facilities, such as the boat ride, the chair rental, or the golf course.
Ticket prices: The ticket prices for the Bang Pu Recreational Center are free for the center and vary for the activities and facilities. You can pay for the activities and facilities at the center, or you can book online and get a discount. Here are some of the prices for the activities and facilities:
- Boat ride: The boat ride costs 300 baht per person, including the entrance fee and the boat fee. The boat ride takes about an hour and a half, and runs every hour from 9 am to 4 pm.
- Chair rental: The chair rental costs 20 baht per chair, and 30 baht per parasol. You can rent the chair and the parasol at the beach, or you can bring your own.
- Golf course: The golf course costs 800 baht per person, including the green fee and the caddy fee. The golf course has 18 holes and is open from 6 am to 6 pm. You can also rent a golf cart for 600 baht, or a golf club for 500 baht.
How to Get to Samut Prakan
Samut Prakan is a province that is located near Bangkok, which makes it easy and convenient to travel from the capital city. You can choose from different options and costs of traveling from Bangkok to Samut Prakan, by BTS Skytrain, taxi, or Grab, depending on your budget, time, and convenience. Here are some of the details and tips for each option:
BTS Skytrain
The BTS Skytrain is a fast and cheap way to get to Samut Prakan from Bangkok, as it avoids the traffic and the hassle of the roads. You can take the BTS Skytrain to Kheha Station, which is the last station of the Sukhumvit Line. From there, you can take a taxi or a Grab to your destination in Samut Prakan, which will cost about 100 to 150 baht and take about 15 to 20 minutes. The BTS Skytrain runs every 10 to 15 minutes, from 6 am to 12 am, and the fare is based on the distance and the number of stations. You can buy the tickets at the station, or you can use the Rabbit Card, which is a smart card that you can top up and use for multiple trips.
Taxi
The taxi is a convenient and comfortable way to get to Samut Prakan from Bangkok, as it can take you directly to your destination and accommodate your luggage and your companions. You can take a taxi from anywhere in Bangkok to Samut Prakan, which will cost about 300 to 400 baht and take about 45 to 60 minutes, depending on the traffic. You can also negotiate with the taxi driver to wait for you at your destination and take you back to Bangkok, which will cost about 800 to 1000 baht in total. The taxi runs 24 hours a day, and the fare is based on the meter and the tolls. You can hail a taxi on the street, or you can use the Grab app, which is a ride-hailing service that you can book online and pay by cash or card.
Grab
The Grab is a modern and flexible way to get to Samut Prakan from Bangkok, as it is a ride-hailing service that you can book online and pay by cash or card. You can use the Grab app to book a car or a bike from anywhere in Bangkok to Samut Prakan, which will cost about 250 to 350 baht and take about 45 to 60 minutes, depending on the traffic. You can also use the Grab app to book a car or a bike from Samut Prakan to Bangkok, which will cost about the same. The Grab runs 24 hours a day, and the fare is based on the distance and the demand. You can choose from different types and sizes of vehicles, such as sedan, SUV, or van, as well as different levels of service, such as standard, premium, or luxury.
How Many Days to Spend in Samut Prakan
Samut Prakan is a province that has a lot of attractions and activities to offer, as well as a convenient location near Bangkok. Therefore, you may wonder how many days you should spend in Samut Prakan, depending on your budget, preferences, and time availability. Here are some suggestions and tips for planning your itinerary and duration for your trip to Samut Prakan:
One day
If you only have one day to spend in Samut Prakan, you can still enjoy and experience the best of the province, by visiting the main and most popular attraction, which is the Ancient City. You can spend the whole day exploring and learning about the history, culture, and architecture of Thailand, through the replicas of its most famous landmarks and monuments. You can also enjoy the scenic and relaxing environment of the park, as well as the facilities and amenities that are available. You can choose from different transportation options and modes to get to and around the Ancient City, such as the BTS Skytrain, the taxi, the Grab, the bike, the golf cart, the tram, or the boat. You can also choose from different food and drink options and places to eat at the Ancient City, such as the floating market, the restaurant, or the picnic area. You can also see the sunset and the night views of the Ancient City, before heading back to Bangkok.
Two days
If you have two days to spend in Samut Prakan, you can enjoy and experience more of the province, by visiting the other attractions and activities, besides the Ancient City, that are worth visiting and exploring. You can spend the first day at the Ancient City, as described above, and then spend the second day at the other attractions, such as the Erawan Museum, the Phra Samut Chedi Temple, the Wat Asokaram, the Sompong Seafood Restaurant, and the Bang Pu Recreational Center. You can choose from different transportation options and modes to get to and around these attractions, such as the BTS Skytrain, the taxi, the Grab, the bike, or the boat. You can also choose from different food and drink options and places to eat at these attractions, such as the cafe, the restaurant, or the market. You can also see the sunrise and the sunset at these attractions, as well as the views of the sea and the river.
Three days
If you have three days to spend in Samut Prakan, you can enjoy and experience the most of the province, by visiting the main and the other attractions and activities, as well as staying overnight and exploring the nearby areas and destinations. You can spend the first and the second day at the main and the other attractions, as described above, and then spend the third day at the nearby areas and destinations, such as the Bang Krachao Island, the Crocodile Farm and Zoo, the Naval Museum, and the Pak Nam Market. You can choose from different transportation options and modes to get to and around these areas and destinations, such as the BTS Skytrain, the taxi, the Grab, the bike, or the boat. You can also choose from different food and drink options and places to eat at these areas and destinations, such as the cafe, the restaurant, or the market. You can also see the sunrise and the sunset at these areas and destinations, as well as the views of the sea and the river.
Conclusion
Samut Prakan is a province that is worth visiting and exploring, as it has a lot of attractions and activities to offer, as well as a convenient location near Bangkok. You can see and learn about the history, culture, and architecture of Thailand, through the replicas of its most famous landmarks and monuments at the Ancient City. You can also enjoy the beauty and the diversity of the sea and the sky, as well as the wildlife and the nature, at the Erawan Museum, the Phra Samut Chedi Temple, the Wat Asokaram, the Sompong Seafood Restaurant, and the Bang Pu Recreational Center. You can also relax and have fun at the nearby areas and destinations, such as the Bang Krachao Island, the Crocodile Farm and Zoo, the Naval Museum, and the Pak Nam Market.
You will surely have a memorable and enjoyable time at Samut Prakan, as it is a hidden gem near Bangkok that you shouldn't miss.